7 Crystal Systems Of Solids

7 Crystal Systems Of Solids
Remember this 'C TOM THR' (pronounce as 'see tom teacher)

C for Cubic
T for Tetragonal
O for Orthorhombic
M for Monoclinic
T for Triclinic
H for Hexagonal
R for Rhombohedral

A familiar example for each

Cubic: NaCl
Tetrogonal: TiO2
Orthorhombic: BaSO4
Monoclinic: NaHCO3
Triclinic: K2Cr2O7
Hexagonal: Graphite
Rhombohedral: KMnO4.

MOST ORDERED STRUCTURE: CUBIC

MOST DISORDERED : TRICLINIC

Structure resembling Matchbox: Orthorhombic

Complexometric titration

Complexometric titration 
Complexometric titration (sometimes chelatometry) is a form of volumetric analysis in which the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate the end point of a titration. Complexometric titrations are particularly useful for the determination of a mixture of different metal ions in solution. An indicator capable of producing an unambiguous color change is usually used to detect the end-point of the titration.

Reactions for Complexometric Titration::

In theory, any complexation reaction can be used as a volumetric technique provided that:

1- the reaction reaches equilibrium rapidly after each portion of titrant is added.
2- interfering situations do not arise. For instance, the stepwise formation of several different complexes of the metal ion with the titrant, resulting in the presence of more than one complex in solution during the titration process.
3-a complexometric indicator capable of locating equivalence point with fair accuracy is available.

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